Abstract:
Platelets perform a variety of functions in the field of atherogenesis. In vitro CD34+ progenitor cells and monocytes can differentiate into foam cells, when cultivated together with native platelets. Lipid-rich platelets are phagocytosed by CD34+ progenitor cells and monocytes in the process of differentiation into foam cells. This study is to show that scavenger receptors CD36 and MSR-A play a predominant role in platelet-mediated foam cell formation. This phenomenon applies, no matter whether the platelets induce differentiation in monocytes or in CD34+ progenitor cells. In vitro, antibody blockade of scavenger receptors MSR-A or CD36 leads to a significant reduction of platelet-induced foam cell formation and of phagocytosis of lipid-loaden platelets by evolving foam cells. In contrast, a blockade of scavenger receptor LOX-1 appears to have little effect. It is conceivable that an in vivo blockade of scavenger receptors CD36 and MSR-A using pharmacological means could inhibit the generation of foam cells and thus retard the process of atherogenesis. However, in view of the fact that, among other functions, scavenger receptors form an integral part of the immune system of the human organism, the outcome of an in vivo blockade is not yet foreseeable. CD34+ progenitor cells enhance atherogenesis by differentiating into foam cells, but they can also play a pivotal role in the repair and regeneration of vascular lesion and thus serve as protectors against atherosclerosis. Platelet behavior is likely to be an essential factor as to whether CD34+ progenitor cells have a pro-atherogenic or anti-atherogenic effect.