Abstract:
Following allogene stem transplantation patients undergo a higher risk opportunist infections and other complications. In this framework, cytomegalyvirus plays an important role contributing to mortality. An additional complication following allogene stem cell transplantation is acute und chronic Graft-versus-Host-Disease. Taking into account the role of the cytokines as mediator-substances of the immune response, it is significant to investigate their influence in the appearance and progress of CMV-infections and GvHD. Particular interest present the promoter-areas of cytokine-gens, which may influence the effectiveness and the actual time of DNA-transcription realization. The aim of the present assignment is the search of base-changes in the promoters of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma and the comparison of appearance frequency in patients with or without CMV-seropositivity before the allogene transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells or the bone marrow and in patients after allogene SCT with or without CMV-infection or GvHD.
For this purpose, retrospective DNA samples of patients who went under SCT were examined. The DNA extraction was performed from EDTA-anticoagulated blood specimens. Amplification of human DNA took place at a second stage. The PCR-amplification products were divided in an agarosegel through electrophoresis and were cleared away. Then PCR for sequence analysis and the filtering of PCR products were conducted. Finally, sequence analysis was performed.
Polymorphisms were found in positions -308, -238 and -376 of TNF-alpha-promoter as well as in position -765 of IFN-gamma-promoter. Genotypes G/A and G/G were detected in position -308 as well as in positions -238 and -376 of TNF-alpha-promoter. In position -765 of IFN-gamma-promoter C versus G polymorphism was evident. In this assignment, the -308-G/A genotype of TNF-alpha-promoter-area appears in immunerepressed patients slightly more frequent in CMV-seronegative patients before SCT compared to patients who were CMV-seropositive before SCT (43% vs 28%, x2=0,891, p=0,345, f=1, number of examined patients=39) and obviously more frequently in patients who didn’t suffer primary CMV-infection or re-activation after SCT in comparison to those who suffered CMV-infection after SCT (41% vs 20%, x2=1,973, p=0,160, f=1, number of patients=37). The -238-G/A-genotype frequency is slightly higher in CMV-seronegative patients before SCT (14% vs 8%, x2=0,385, p=0,535, f=1, number of patients=39) and in patients without primary CMV-infection or re-activation after SCT (18% vs 10%, x2=0,460, p=0,498, f=1, number of patients=37). One of the CMV-seronegative patients before SCT who didn’t suffer CMV-infection after SCT has a G/A genotype in position -376. In this assignment, two groups of patients were detected in relation to GvHD. One group includes patients with GvHD 0-I maximum degree and the other group includes patients with GvHD II-IV maximum degree. The frequency of -308-G/A-genotype of TNF-alpha-promoter-area doesn’t indicate any relation with the degree of the acute GvHD (29% vs 29%, x2=0,003, p=0,955, f=1, number of patients=38). On the other hand, the frequency of TNF-238-G/A-genotype is reduced as the degree of acute GvHD increases (18% vs 5%, x2=1,656, p=0,198, f=1, number of patients=38). The G/A genotype of position -308 of TNF-alpha-promoter is apparent in 27% (3/11) of the patients with severe chronic GvHD and the genotype G/A in position -238 appears in 18% (2/11) of patients with severe chronic GvHD. In examined IFN-gamma-promoter-areas, pointmutations do not appear in patients with or without primary CMV-infection or re-activation after SCT, in patients with or without CMV-seropositivity before SCT and in patients with chronic GvHD. In 1 out of 30 patients with severe GvHD 0-I maximum degree the genotype C/G appears in position -765.
An established relation between polymorphisms of genes of cytokines and CMV-infection or GvHD would be undoubtedly significant and could be considered as prognosis factor in such patients. Together with other factors, it could allow the development of an individual indicator of damaging factors concerning these diseases and the application of relevant treatment. In general, in this assignment a statistically significant relation could not be established.