Abstract:
Background and Goal of Study:
The risk of awareness is a problem inherent in TIVA. The bispectral index (BIS) is meanwhile well established as a
neuromonitoring device (1). To define the need of neuromonitoring for
the preven-tion of potential awareness episodes, four different TIVA
schemes were studied.
Materials and Methods: In a pro-spective,block-randomised and placebo-controlled
clinical trial, 56 patients (ASA I-III) aged 18 to 75 years undergoing
laryngoscopic surgery were studied.Clonidine (4 mg / kg i.v.) [group C] or
placebo [group P] was given 30 minutes before induction of anesthesia and
either alfen-tanil [A] or Remifentanil [R]were used as narcotic agents.
This design resulted in four groups [CA], [CR],[PA] and [PR] with n=14.
Propofol was administered via target controlled infusion. BIS, invasive BP and
HR were measured and recorded online throughout the procedure.
Statistic methods used were logistic regression and analysis of variance.
Results and Discussions:
The BIS was above the threshold of potential awareness (BIS>85) in a
considerable percentage of the surgery time in all groups. Nevertheless none
of our patients reported of any awareness episodes.
The use of remifentanil (PR and CR) reduced this percentage markedly.
The odds ratio for a rise in BIS >70 after laryngoscopy was 9.2 for PA
compared with CR (p<0.01). In addition the propofol consumption in the group
CR was significantly reduced compared with group PA (0.38 +/- 0.1 mg/kg/min
and 0.52 +/- 0.1 mg/kg/min; p<0.01).
Conclusions:
Neuromonitoring seems recommenable for TIVA.
Remifentanil reduced the time of episodes for potential awareness and
propofol consumption significantly. Regarding the prevention of awareness,
remifentanil seems to be beneficial.
References: (1) Sebel PS et al Anesth. Analg. 1997;84: 891 - 899