Abstract:
This dissertation explores how serious participatory landscape games—fully fledged games designed or adapted to support participation among citizens, stakeholders, and experts in landscape issues (Szilágyi-Nagy, 2022)—can advance the European Landscape Convention’s vision of democratic landscape governance (Council of Europe, 2000a). It examines how such games shape small-group communication, foster shared meaning-making, and facilitate equitable, reasoned dialogue towards collective action about the future of landscapes, addressing key challenges of the Convention—namely, engaging diverse publics, acknowledging their landscape experiences and values, and translating them into shared visions and decisions.
To address these challenges, the dissertation pursues three interrelated aims:
1. Practice-oriented: To explore how game design and facilitation influence small-group communication in serious participatory landscape games.
2. Methodological: To develop a method for visualizing and analyzing small-group communication processes in these games.
3. Theoretical: To conceptualize serious participatory landscape games—through social constructivist and communicative action theories—as communicative environments that advance the European Landscape Convention’s vision of democratic landscape governance.
The dissertation examines Urbanity, a Hungarian analogue street-debate game (építészfórum, 2016, February 8, 2021, May 3; kultúrAktív Egyesület, 2015, August 28; Szilágyi-Nagy & Tóth, 2017; Tóth & Szilágyi-Nagy, 2021), and its four prototypes—Clash, Parliament, Tactic Dice, and Tactic Card—as a collective instrumental case study designed to generate transferable insights into how analogue, face-to-face games can support equitable, reasoned, and reflective small-group communication for the joint construction of landscape meanings and actions in democratic landscape governance. Each prototype was analyzed through (1) visual examination of in-game small-group interaction, (2) thematic analysis of design and facilitation processes, and (3) theoretical reflection informed by small-group communication theory in games (Duke, 1974), social constructivist landscape theory (Berger & Luckmann, 1966; Kühne, 2015b, 2019b, 2019c), and communicative action theory (Habermas, 1984, 1987, 1990b). Synthesizing the findings across the four cases, the study generated three main contributions:
1. Practical: Actionable design and facilitation guidance for small-group communication–centered game development (Game Design Catalogue, Facilitation Guide).
2. Methodological: A spatio-temporal visual method for analyzing the communication structure and interaction patterns of in-game small-group communication within the game’s spatial context (Communication Pattern Analysis Method).
3. Theoretical: An integrative framework showing how such games create environments where landscape meanings and actions are co-constructed through coercion-free, equitable, and reasoned argumentation oriented toward mutual understanding and the harmonization of actions.
The dissertation is structured into six parts. Part I: Introduction outlines the research context, theoretical background, aims, and relevance. Part II: Literature Review examines literature on the European Landscape Convention, serious participatory landscape games, and small-group communication theory, and identifies key knowledge, methodological, and theoretical gaps. Part III: Theoretical Framework and Methodology presents the methodological design and integrates the three main theories into a triangulated analytical framework. Part IV: Analysis introduces the game Urbanity in the participatory context of Hungarian landscape governance, followed by a chapter-by-chapter analysis of four selected prototypes through visual, thematic, and theory-reflective lenses. Part V: Findings presents the practical, methodological, and theoretical outcomes: the Game Design Catalogue and Facilitation Guide (practical), the Communication Pattern Analysis Method (methodological), and an integrative framework for the communicative construction of landscape meanings and actions (theoretical). Part VI: Discussion and Conclusions revisits the research questions and discusses broader implications for democratic landscape governance.
The study concludes that when designed and facilitated with small-group communication in mind, serious participatory landscape games can enable participants to express, negotiate, and align diverse landscape meanings and knowledge stocks through equitable, reasoned, and reflective dialogue—turning play into a “collective democratic exercise whereby differences are accepted, common characteristics found, and operational compromises eventually reached” (Council of Europe, 2008, II.2.3.A). By linking game design, small-group communication, landscape, and democratic theory, this dissertation contributes to operationalizing the European Landscape Convention’s vision of inclusive, deliberative landscape governance—advancing the communicative construction of landscape meanings and actions through serious games.