Flower clocks, time memory and time forgetting

Abstract

Many flowering plants are fertilized by insects. Bees remember the time nektar and pollen is offered. In doing so they use an internal daily clock and a sun compass. Petals are able to open and close rhythmically. Or the flowers open at a certain time of the day or night and stay afterward open. Leaf cutter bees are reared and sold for fertilizing lucerne in fields. This allows a ten fold higher yield of lucern seeds. Many insects spent the winter in diapause, a resting stage. Beach hoppers orient themselves with an internal sun compass. Man has also an internal time sense (head clock). Observations and experiments are proposed.