Abstract:
The study investigates the adaption of classical antiquity in Arno Breker ´s production of NS-sculptures regarding the racist implications and the ideological as well as the propagandistic power of images of the ´classical` form in the ´Third Reich`. Within the context of gender specific criteria the category of the classical, as evident in various discourses from the Wilhelminian era onwards, is analysed in regards to its central function as an ordering principle and as a modus for legitimation of a constructed racial ideal.
The photographic and film media with their power of persuasion and cogency were crucial in providing the compatibility between the construction of racial and classical ideas of the body image with credibility. Thus, employing the potential of visual and ideological strategies, the sculptural art of classical antiquity could be sucessfully integrated in racist and anti-feminist contexts. While the beholder was guided himself to new structures of perception and interpretation, the sculptural art - situated in novel contexts - experienced specific semantic transformations. In addition, media ideologies supplied norm and style criteria that were racist and gender specific and corresponded to style criteria of the plastic arts in the ´Third Reich`. In his work process, Breker not only consciously implemented the effect and the perception of his sculptures in the media; the sculptures - conceived as objects of reproduction - convey a racist and popular classicism. Breker worked with various photographic aesthetic aspects directed at the beholder, whose purpose was manipulative in nature. Thus, his ´classical` images of the body proved to be dependent upon the reproduction process which opened them up to modern propagandistic strategies of mediation.