Abstract:
Specialized metabolites play central roles in microbial ecology, biotechnology, and medicine. Advances in sequencing technologies now make it possible to explore the biosynthetic potential of microbial genomes at unprecedented scale, offering new opportunities to discover bioactive compounds and understand their ecological functions. However, translating this wealth of genomic information into meaningful biological insight remains a major challenge. Biosynthetic pathways are often modular, frequently reshaped by horizontal gene transfer, and not always directly linked to associated functions such as transport or regulation. As a result, it is difficult to determine how these systems originate, diversify, and persist across bacterial lineages.
In this dissertation, siderophore and metallophore systems, which mediate microbial metal acquisition and interspecies interactions, were investigated as a model for complex secondary metabolite traits. By combining phylogeny-aware genome mining with large-scale comparative analyses, the distribution and evolutionary histories of biosynthetic pathways and transport systems were examined in the context of ecological settings and cell-envelope architecture.
To support these analyses, AutoMLST2 was developed as a scalable Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB)-integrated platform for species-tree reconstruction and taxonomic placement. In another study, chelator-centric detection rules for nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS)-derived metallophores were implemented, extending functional annotation within existing biosynthetic gene clusters and revealing that metal-binding secondary metabolites are more widespread and structurally diverse than previously recognized.
Using this framework, siderophore biosynthetic pathways and associated transport systems were analyzed at large scale, revealing distinct evolutionary strategies among siderophore types and highlighting transport systems as key constraints shaped by cell-envelope architecture.
Beyond siderophore biology, this work demonstrates how combining refined annotations with a robust phylogenomic framework enables large-scale inference of evolutionary patterns across bacterial genomes. While siderophores serve as a focused case study, the approaches developed here are broadly applicable to other secondary metabolites and complex genomic traits, providing a general strategy for investigating how microbial metabolic systems diversify, persist, and adapt under structural and evolutionary constraints.