Abstract:
Quantum simulation is a powerful tool for the investigation of strongly correlated systems.
Its role is critical to provide experimental data in scenarios where numerical methods cannot
reliably handle the complexity of the many-body problems. Over the past decade, ultracold
atomic gases platforms have demonstrated their versatility and suitability as quantum
simulators.
Today, a central point of interest is the understanding of high-temperature superconductivity
on the microscopic scale, where the Fermi liquid theory and description of superconductivity
by Cooper pairs break down. The governing Fermi-Hubbard model, which
describes the behaviour of fermions in a lattice such as the electrons in a solid, is now implemented
in quantum simulators built with cold atoms. Ironically, despite their low absolute
temperatures, ultracold atoms platforms are sill too hot to probe the entire Fermi-Hubbard
phase diagram. New routes to lower temperatures are still being explored, striving to reach
previously inaccessible regimes.
In this thesis, a new quantum-gas experiment of 166Er-6Li is presented along with the first
experimental results. The apparatus is described in detail with a focus on the Er subsystems.
The different cooling stages are characterized: the Zeeman slower and Angled Slowing
stages, used in combination with a narrow-line magneto-optical trap form the starting point.
The subsequent loading in an optical dipole trap and long-range transport with an optical
lattice are also detailed, with an emphasis on the design and performance of the transport
setup.
The transported atoms are transferred in a second optical dipole trap built in a glass cell,
where the measurement of Erbium’s tune-out wavelength was performed. The anisotropy of
the tune-out was used to extract the tensor value of Er’s polarizability. The dissipationless
character of the trap was confirmed by lifetime measurements of both species in their
respective traps.
Finally, the first production of a quantum-degenerate mixture of 166Er and 6Li is reported,
demonstrating the efficiency of the sympathetic cooling of Li by Er. This results marks
the first milestone for this experiment, in its pursuit of reaching unprecedented levels of
degeneracy with a Fermi gas.