Abstract:
This study analyzes the relationship between neighborhood relations, morality, and threats. Empirically, the work is based on an ethnographic case study of a neighborhood constellation in Johannesburg, consisting of the middle-class suburb of Mindalore with a white and black population and the informal settlement of Soul City with a marginalized black population. The figurational perspective developed focuses on the everyday practices of neighbors, in which they evaluate each other, divide themselves into groups, and establish hierarchies. These practices of neighborhood organization are inherently moral, i.e., they operate along the distinction between good/right and wrong/bad/evil. In three chapters, the study uses different threats to show how these trigger figurational-moral ordering and how neighbors relate to each other in differing ways. The threat of crime moralizes class differentiations and thus unites the residents of the middle-class neighborhood (regardless of their racialized differences) against the residents of the informal settlement as alleged perpetrators. The environmental and health threat posed by toxic residues from local gold mining led to activism that brought neighbors from both neighborhoods together and united them against those responsible in business and politics. In the informal settlement of Soul City, the threat of gang violence associated with informal gold mining in the area led to a division of the local population along xenophobic lines and suspicions of cooperation with the gangs. In the middle-class neighborhood of Mindalore, the change in racial composition after the end of apartheid was perceived as threatening by the established white population, whose resulting racist rejection of their new black neighbors was in turn seen by the latter as a threat to peaceful (neighborly) coexistence promised by post-apartheid, resulting in the figurative division of the neighborhood along racial lines. As a whole, this work illustrates the different coexisting modes of neighborly relations that prevail in and between the two neighborhoods of Soul City and Mindalore.