Abstract:
With seasonal epidemics each year and several global pandemics, respiratory viruses
represent a significant global health burden. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Influ-
enza viruses are of particular concern as they have a severe impact on vulnerable popu-
lations such as infants and the elderly and can trigger global pandemics through antigenic
drift or zoonotic transmission. The disruption of viral seasonality caused by the SARS-
CoV-2 pandemic has hampered continuous epidemiologic surveillance and highlighted
the need for reliable serologic tools to assess immunity and infection status at the popu-
lation level in times of limited clinical surveillance.
The aim of this thesis was to develop and validate two antibody binding multiplex immu-
noassays, RSV MIA and FLU MIA, that enable sensitive and subtype-resolved detection of
virus-specific antibody responses in both serum and other sample matrixes. These as-
says were then used to generate population-level serological data on RSV and Influenza
immunity and infections within a longitudinal retrospective cohort study. The assays were
then also used to investigate vaccine-induced immune responses, such as Influenza an-
tibodies produced in an organ-on-chip model system. To achieve this, I developed and
validated the RSV MIA and the FLU MIA according to EMA and FDA guidelines, enabling
robust high-throughput quantification of antigen-specific antibody titers. To determine
assay performance and to understand the immune response to an RSV/Influenza infec-
tion, both assays were clinically validated using samples from human challenge studies.
When used in a longitudinal population cohort study, RSV MIA could be used to identify
seasonal RSV infections, often including the viral subtype. FLU MIA showed high sensitiv-
ity in detecting broad and strain-specific humoral responses after both influenza vaccina-
tion and seasonal infection, including seasonal patterns induced by circulating influenza
strains between years. In the organ-on-chip system, FLU MIA successfully quantified an-
tigen-specific antibodies in response to vaccine administration, confirming the ability of
lymphoid tissue to elicit measurable immune responses ex vivo. Taken together, these re-
sults underscore the versatility of both assays for seroepidemiologic studies and vaccine
testing platforms. By enabling detailed analyses of infection- and vaccine-induced hu-
moral immunity, these assays provide a valuable foundation for future epidemiologic sur-
veillance and next-generation vaccine evaluation.