Abstract:
To investigate the Majorana nature of neutrinos and thereby examine the origin of their small mass beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, the LEGEND experiment (Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless ββ Decay) is dedicated to the search for neutrinoless ββ-decay in enriched germanium. In the LEGEND-200 phase of the experiment (using 200 kg of detector mass), both passive and active background-reduction techniques are employed. A water Cherenkov veto serves as an active muon veto, rejecting cosmogenic muons traversing the experimental setup. The muon veto uses Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) as light detectors and a reflective foil on the inner surfaces of the water tank to increase the light yield. In this work, nearly one year of data from the LEGEND-200 muon veto was analyzed and complemented with Monte Carlo simulations. To ensure stable signal performance, the PMTs were calibrated once or twice per month, and additional spare PMTs were prepared as replacements. Detected events include muons, persistent low-multiplicity signals (the “low-multiplicity bump”), and spontaneous PMT failures, can be removed by two permanent analysis cuts. Using pulse shape discrimination and monitoring systems, different types of PMT breaks could be classified and their occurrence predicted. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations yielded a lower limit on the muon veto detection efficiency of about 99.18% and indicate a possible contribution from radon to the low-multiplicity bump. In addition, in the search for muon-induced neutron captures in high-purity germanium detectors, a criterion was established to classify showering muons producing secondary particles. This classification has led to two approaches for identifying muon-induced neutron captures, which can be further validated in future work. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the reliability of the LEGEND-200 muon veto and its contribution to achieving the background goal of the experiment.